This website has Texas death certificates and most US census records. You can place name of Clara Goodman as mother in the query or any of the other daughters.
http://pilot.familysearch.org/recordsearch/start.html#p=0

Anna Berta Goodman married John H Harrison in Dallas in 1888. They are in Justice Precinct 5 in Dallas Co 1900 census and had three children. She died in Lubbock Co in 1941.

Maggie Phelps reported to have been born Dallas Texas 28 Feb 1882 died Jefferson Davis Hosp in Houston Harris Co 23 March 1927 and is buried in Lancaster, record states her parents were Willie and Laura Goodman of Louisiana, she was married, there is no informants name, resided at 51 Stanley St.

I find a B. R. Phelps born TX 1877 listed in Harris county 1930, widowed, married or divorced ?, with 6 children, oldest is Daisy age 28 TX, Elizabeth age 26 OK, Virginia age 23 OK, Ira F age 22 OK, Harris age 18 MS and dtr Weenonah age 15 MS. B. R. Phelps was 18 when he married.

Turns out B. R. is Rufus Levada Phelps was married to Belle Reed. Ira Fullerton Phelps born in Wynnwood OK in 1908 died in Houston in 1966.

Further development is that Belle Reed Phelps was still living in 1930. Belle Reed Phelps born 1876 in Clarksville TX died in Comanche Co in 1942 her dtr Daisy Phelps Connor of DeLeon was informant.

Did B R or Rufus leave Belle and marry Maggie Goodman ? Rufas L and Belle were together in 1920 census in Clay Co MS.

Then there is James O Phelps born IL 1873 in Dallas in 1930 with son Nathan W born 1908. This James Phelps was already widowed in 1920.

Find one cemetery listed as being in Lancaster, Rawlins Cemetery on Main Street.

1870 Pct 2, Dallas, Texas ; 1880 Dallas Co Texas - 1900 JP 5, west part, Lancaster, Dallas Texas
Wm C Goodman Sept 1845 Arkansas married in 1869 father reported to be from TN and mother AR or TN died 07 Apr 1907 in Oak Cliff
Laura A BERNARD Goodman born Dec 1849 Texas parents reported to be from KY, bore 11 children of which 9 are living in 1900
1. Anna B Goodman 1869 MO married John H Harrison in Dallas in 1888.
2. Lucretia Helen/Helen Lucretia Goodman 21 Oct 1871 TX. Helen Lucretia Lepper died 06 Jan 1951 in Los Angeles Co, mother's maiden name Bernard
3. Cornelia A Goodman 1873 TX was living in 1900 & 1910
4. Maggie A Goodman 1875 TX was living in 1900 & 1910
5. Charles F Goodman 1879 TX was living in 1900 & 1910 - was he Charles Forrester Goodman who registered WW I Draft in Los Angeles born 30 Dec 1878, does not say where, wife was Rose.
6. Thomas Goodman Jan 1883 TX
7. Jesse Goodman May 1885 TX
8. Clara Goodman May 1887 TX was almost 20 when her father died
9. Samuel Clayton Goodman 06 Jan 1890 Lancaster, TX - Sam Clayton Goodman died 29 Apr 1955 San Bernardino County, mother's maiden name Bernard. WW I draft Los Angeles Co, fireman for Southern Pacific Railroad, married with 2 children, 28 May 1917. Wife Beulah G AUGUSTIN born NE 1894; Edith M 03 Apr 1912 LA co, son Carroll C 20 Jan 1917 La Co and Jack H 06 May 1920 LA Co

Have you tried looking at the actual census pages before and after the one that the Goodman's are listed on in 1900 for the daughters ?

. . . Thomas, Jesse, Clara, Clayton only children in 1900 household. Samuel C Goodman w/Laura in Los Angeles Co in 1910. In this 1910 census, Los Angeles Assembly Dist 74, Laura A Goodman claimed she still had 9 living children.

http://www.usgwarchives.org/tx/dallas/dallastoc.htm
http://files.usgwarchives.org/tx/dallas/vitals/marriages/boo...
Marriages through 1898/1899
Goodman, Cornelia married Smith, G. E. 21-Aug-1887 554 A Lindsey, J. A. Dallas Co
Goodman, Lula married Strength, G. W. 21-Aug-1887 554 B Lindsey, J. A. Dallas Co
Goodman, Annie married Harrison, Jno. H. 28-Aug-1888 278 B Walker, Eld. W. H. Dallas Co
Goodman, Mary F. maried Henderson, Judson E. 19-Jan-1888 81 A Kendall, T. G. T. Dallas Co

George W Strength born AL abt 1869 was in Ellis Co 1880 census son of John and Sarah Randall/Randle, also had a brother named Gus born TN 1873 and several other siblings.
Mrs. J. H. Harrison, widowed, reported to have been born 15 Nov 1870 in MO to W. C. Goodman and Laura Bernard of MO, died in Lubbock 18 July 1941, buried in Slaton, Texas, per Mrs. Louise/Louie Alverson.

1900; Census Place: Justice Precinct 5, Lancaster Town, Dallas, Texas; Roll T623_1626; Page: 14B; Enumeration District: 138. - 1910 Justice Precinct 5, Dallas, Texas
John H Harrison Oct 1857 TN married 1887 father/mother TN
Annie M GOODMAN Harrison Nov 1869 MO father AR mother MO bore 3 children all living in 1910
Loleta Harrison Aug 1889 TX in 1908 married Andrew/Arthur D Thomas born England or Wales 1880, 1910 record says they have one child who is not listed.
Wylie William Harrison born 21 April 1893 Lancaster TX registered WW I Draft Dallas Co, wife and one child.
Louie Harrison Feb 1898 TX. 1910 shows her as dtr Lousie age 18

1930, Lubbock, Lubbock, Texas
Loleta A Thomas 40 1890 TX divorced, father TN mother MO; died in Lubbock Co 29 Jan 1981, born 18 Aug 1889 last ss residence in Muleshoe, Bailey Co Texas
Genevieve A Thomas 19 1911 TX father England
Evan C Thomas 17 1913 TX
Charles M Thomas 12 1918 OK
. . .the Thomas family was in Sherman, Grayson Co 1920 census.

1930, Precinct 7, Lubbock, Texas
John H Harrison 1858 TN - J. H. Harrison 15 Oct 1859 Shelbyville TN parents unknown died 11 May 1934 Pct 2, Lubbock Co, wife Anna, Mrs. Loleta Thomas of Slaton TX informant
Berta A Harrison age 59 wife

William Wiley Harrison 21 Apr 1893 Texas died 14 Dec 1943 Dallas Methodist Hospital, resided 1112 S Edgefield in Dallas, married, inspector for Dallas Power & Light Co, parents unknown, S. P. Bennett, same address informant, buried Laureland Cemetery in Dallas., cause of death Coronary occulsion

Thomas Otis Goodman born 24 Jan 1883, lived in Bishop, Inyo Co CA, clerk for W F Rerd [sic], Mrs. Gertrude L HYDE Goodman nearest relative, 12 Sept 1918, blue eyes light brown hair, medium build and height. Thomas O, Gertrude L 1890 MN Eng MN, Otis E 25 Jul 1909 LA Co, William H 17 Apr 1911 LA Co and Donald Goodman 1918 AZ resided in West Bishop, Inyo Co CA 1920 census. They are in Los Angeles Assembly Dist 74 in 1910.

Jesse Overton Goodman born 09 May 1885 registered WW I draft Los Angeles Co, resided 2900 S Normandie, tire salesman for Kelly Springfield Tires, 1147 S Hope St, LA county, Olive MERRITT Goodman 2900 S Normandie nearest relative, 12 Sept 1918, medium height and build, blue eyes, light hair. Olive M Merritt born MI 1891 dtr of James M of MI and Sara J of Wales. Jesse and Olive living with her parents in Los Angeles Assembly Dist 72 in 1910, Olive M Goodman b 08 Aug 1910 LA Co by 1930 married Roy C Kidder b. 1907; Barbara Jean Kidder 06 Oct 1933 Orange Co