If you are still looking - I believe John Robinson was the son of Jacob Robinson of White TN.
The best evidence is a recollection by a local woman in VA, who says that Jacob's son John Married "Carolina Louisa Otey" (posted on my online tree)

Jacob Robinson Birth abt 1770 in NC vs SC
Death 01 Jul 1828 in White, Tennessee, USA
Father: William Robinson (1734-1804)
Mother: Charity Kennedy
Spouse: Mary (Poly) Kelly vs Colwell

Children:
Edith (Eady) Robinson (1790-)
Margaret Robinson (Dyer) (1794-1871)
James Robinson (1794-)
Reuben F. Robinson (1797-1876)
Lucy Robinson (1798-1860)
Betsy (Elizabeth) Robinson (1800-)
John Jacob Robinson (1802-)
Solomon Robinson (1805-1879)
William Robinson (1807-1827)
Andrew Robinson (1808-1890)
Emanuel (Manuel) Robinson (1812-1872)
Mary (Polly) Robinson (1812-)
Sarah (Sally) Robinson (1814-18)

I note that this James's DOB does not match up with the date you posted for your James - but the Russel CO VA matches up