Wooster - Family History & Genealogy Message Board

Clara Wooster, also Burnup, also Clarke?

Martin_Buck — 2009-10-05 19:06:58Z

Does anyone have any further information on Clara Wooster, born in 1846 in Camberwell, Surrey? Her parents were George Wooster and Eliza Frances Hersee. Clara married William Henry Burnup in 1868 - I believe William's occupation was 'Master Seaman'. That would explain why Clara was living at home with her parents for the 1871 census, with no trace of William.

I know she then married Arthur Henry Clarke in 1877, when she claimed to be a widow - again, I can find no trace of William having died, so perhaps it happened overseas. Strange fact No.1: one of the witnesses at Clara's first marriage was John Alexander Clarke - brother of her second husband! I am pretty sure Clara and Arthur had at least two children - Frederick Rosier Clarke and Ada Louisa Clarke; they were living in Croydon for the 1881 census.

Strange fact No.2: Clara was again at home with her parents for the 1891, described as 'Married' - but Arthur Henry Clarke appears in Brierley Hill, Staffordshire, apparently married to Annie and with two children! Annie's maiden name was Woodward; so far I have not found anything in the GRO indexes to indicate that Arthur and Annie did actually marry.

If anyone can shed any light on this tangled web, I will be most grateful!

Re: Wooster

asharame — 2009-09-28 04:03:12Z

I don't know. He's as far back as I can get and he came to the US around 1910 from Russia.

Re: Wooster,Butterfield,TenEyck-Waukesha

una13aa — 2009-08-02 14:16:49Z

I am a descendant of another branch. Whereas your Jacob des-
cended from Jacob C.and Geertje Coeymans Ten Eyck, my line
comes from Jacob C.'s brother Matthys Ten Eyck.

Re: Wooster,Butterfield,TenEyck-Waukesha

Claudia_Clarke — 2009-08-01 23:18:43Z

Are you a descendant of Jacob and Adelaide, or another branch?

Re: Wooster,Butterfield,TenEyck-Waukesha

una13aa — 2009-08-01 14:49:52Z

Thank you so much for taking the time to reply to such and old message as I learned Lightfoot information from you!
I'd never seen the surname Ardrey before your note. How very
interesting!tenEyck, TenEyck are just two of the many spelling of my maiden name Ten Eyck.

Re: Wooster,Butterfield,TenEyck-Waukesha

Claudia_Clarke — 2009-07-31 22:54:10Z

Your message is pretty old, and you have probably found answers, but Louisa TenEyck's parents were Jacob tenEyck and Adelaide Lightfoot. Adelaide was a sister to my ggrandmother. Parents were Thomas Lightfoot and Jane Ardrey who are buried in Aylmer, Elgin Ontario

Edward WOOSTER Family Booklet -- a source for

woosterk — 2009-07-06 12:52:34Z

I have recently discovered an online source for a PDF file of the most recent version (2005) of the hard-to-find 'The Edward Wooster Family Booklet' by Eugene R. Wooster.

Check with me at woosterk@cortland.edu for details. Place 'Edward Wooster Family Booklet' in the subject line.

Re: Brooklyn Woosters

anton88888 — 2009-06-28 13:43:01Z

Asharame,

Yes, that's my family too. I sent a direct reply to you through Ancestry with my email address so we can talk directly. Let me know if you do not receive it.

Brian

Re: Brooklyn Woosters

asharame — 2009-06-25 05:58:14Z

Brian,
Wow, don't know where I've been but this is the first time I've seen your answer. Yes, KAPLAN is one of the surnames in my mother's family. I never knew how Wooster was related, just that they were. Some of the other names I remember are:

COHEN, KOZLOW, KOZLOWSKI, MILLER, LEVY, GERSHENOW, GERSHENOWITZ

Do any of them ring any bells with you? COHEN, Henry & Evelyn had a hardware store which I believe was in Brooklyn. Henry & Sarah KAPLAN were my great-aunt and uncle (don't know the maiden names). They had one girl, Evelyn, and two boys. I believe one boy was Ben and the other I knew as Moishe.

My maternal grandmother was Minnie KAPLAN, and I believe she was Henry's sister. Minnie married Morris KAPLAN. All of them were born in Minsk, Russia.

How do we get our email addresses, phone numbers, etc. to each other without publishing them to the whole list? Please let me know. I would love to get in contact with you!

asharame

Re: Old Wooster Bible

asharame — 2009-06-25 05:38:25Z

I wish it was my people. As far as I know, David Wooster (the father) had only 2 daughters. I don't have any information regarding siblings. He was born in Minsk, Russia and appears to have come directly to New York in about 1906.

Hope you do find who belongs to that bible. It would be priceless to someone.

Thank you,
Judith

Old Wooster Bible

LindaHolmstrom — 2009-06-13 18:46:28Z

From time to time I will pick up an old bible if the owner has signed his/her name in it and try to reunite the book with its family.

I have a bible that is inscribed:
To Franklin P. Wooster
From his Dad
June 11, 1925
John 5:39

It is signed: Leon M Wooster
I think this family may have been originally from Michigan and then moved to NY. They are not my relatives, I'm just trying to get the book back to the family.

It is in pretty bad shape.
Linda

Re: Wisconsin Wooster

aprilsyed — 2009-05-22 03:43:16Z

This branch of Tuenge sounds like the one I'm looking for. My Grandfather's name was Randolph Tuenge and was part of a very large family. He may have been one of their sons. He married Carol West, she is still alive. She told me that the Tuenge boys had quite a reputation, but didn't elaberate.

Re: Wooster

dianecantara — 2009-05-10 22:32:41Z

Hi my name is Bo Cantara and my grandfather is Harry Wooster. Today he was actually talking to me about his grandfather who ran away from home at the age of 12. He was a cabin boy in the maritime service and became very good at playing the trumpet. He ended up in America where according to my grandfather he played trumpet for John Philip Sousa. He then met a man with the last name Gunn and they started Labatt brewery somewhere in Canada. He pasted away in London at the age of 99. Im not sure if this helps you but if you know anything about this please email me thanks.

Re: Wooster Australia

gilly2857 — 2009-05-02 09:02:56Z

Have you been able to find out much more information?

Peter Wooster; b. April 6, 1820 in Bridgewater, Connecticut

LornaRF — 2009-03-31 18:50:23Z

EVENING POST ANNUAL, 1882
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
of the State Officers, Representatives in Congress, Governor’s Staff, and Senators and Members of the General Assembly of the State of Connecticut.
Published Annually.
Hartford, Conn.: Evening Post Association. 1882.
Pg. 156

PETER WOOSTER, Representative for Bridgewater, Litchfield County:

Of Bridgewater, was born at Bridgewater, April 6, 1820, and received a common school education. He has held the offices of Selectman, Town Treasurer, Auditor, and member of the Boards of Relief and Education, still occupying the last three positions. He was formerly engaged in the manufacture of hats, but is at present occupied with farming interests. In politics Mr. Wooster is a Democrat.

Re: Saphronia Wooster...father was Miles Wooster?

MaryBirge13 — 2009-03-16 22:29:24Z

janie,
if you get his email me at mbirge@att.net. I have a connection for you.
Mary Birge

Re: Woosters, Amos

JoyceAllin — 2009-03-14 12:46:57Z

My records are from Quaker records about an Amos Wooster who married a Lodema Hoag and his parents are listed. The timing and place (MI) are right for it to have been the same Amos Wooster whose wife Lucy Green had died.

If you are interested in more information please contact me at my email address jlallin@roadrunner.com.I will be happy to dig out what I have found and email you copies.

Re: Woosters, Amos

asharame — 2009-03-14 02:26:15Z

Sorry, I thought I had answered this. My Wooster came from Minsk, Russia in 1906 and I don't know anything more than that for them.

Does this help you at all?

Judith

Re: Woosters, Amos

kdmatt — 2009-03-08 13:27:18Z

Have you ever confirmed the link between Amos & Lucy Green and Sylvester Wooster and Mercy Hine? I am researching for my mother-in-law who also descended through Alpheus.
Ken

Emma Chrystal Wooster

tcschroeder — 2008-04-04 00:37:28Z

I am searching for any relatives of Emma Chrystal Wooster who died in the Chicago area. Her children were Lousie Thorn, Jennie Bliss, Melville,Harry and Thomas(aka Chrystal)Wooster. I would appreciate any help.
Thanks

Ralph Wooster in 1915 Iowa High School Football Team Photo

Not_A_Relative — 2007-02-05 23:05:40Z

Ralph Wooster in Keokuk High School, Keokuk, Iowa Football Team 1915 Photo

http://www.familyoldphotos.com/6c/2k/keokuk_high_school_foot...

Search over 18,000 old photographs
at http://www.familyoldphotos.com

Re: Wooster family of New Jersey and Somerset, Maryland

Johndt3 — 2008-05-08 18:01:22Z

The e-mail address for this thread is updated to johndt3@verizon.net

Adelbert Wooster from Michigan

jmgquilter — 2008-06-04 02:37:44Z

Searching for more data on this family"
Adelbert Wooster-Born: 1854 Died: 23 Sept. 1925-Kent Co. Mich. He was the son of Benjamin Wooster & Matilda Seward.
Adelbert married Myrtie M. Sanford MArch 4, 1890 in Isabella County, Michigan (she was from that county as were her family) she was born: 15 Feb. 1867 Died: 9 Sept. 1932-65yrs. Kent Co. Michigan-they are buried in the Courtland Cemetery, Kent co. In the marriage data for Myrtie & Adelbert-it says that Adelbert had one previous marriage and a son. There are other Wooster family members in thsi same cemetery-same lot so I would assume they are related but cannot get any obits or other information. Myrtie was the daughter of Peter Sanford & Marianne Sarah Hunt of Isabella Co Mich.Can you help??? Judy in PA

Re: Saphronia Wooster...father was Miles Wooster?

lylatov6 — 2006-09-13 03:47:26Z

i am not sure I contacted you before. My email is lylatov@verizon. I am a descendent of the oldest child, Wealthy Wooster. Please contact and I can probably add to your knowledge as I am working on finding out as much information as I can on Miles R. and Wealthy's siblings.

Woosters search

kathleenw2 — 2009-02-20 18:24:56Z

I'm looking for any information on the Wooster line which dead ends at Erastus S. Wooster, Sr. born in New York around 1826 and married to a Mary Ann ? in 1847 (Southfield Michigan). Greatly appreciate any info.

Re: Wooster Line in Australia.

cjgeritz1 — 2008-11-24 23:24:23Z

Hello Celticspirit, my name is Chris and one of my husbands lines are the Woosters from Gympie. William George Edward Wooster, born Gympie born 28th Oct. 1887. Married Edith Rowe in NZ in 1913. His Parents were Francis Edward Wooster and Kate Augusta, nee Eaton. They went to NZ and both are buried in Napier. Park Island Cemetery in the same plot. Hope this all helps.

Re: Wooster Australia

cjgeritz1 — 2008-08-06 03:17:07Z

Hello. My name is Chris. I have William George Edward Wooster, born 28-10-1887 in Gympie Qld. His father was Francis Edward Wooster. Mother was Kate Augusta Eaton. Grandparents were William Wooster and Elizabeth Rayner.

William Ward WOOSTER b. 1800 NY

grizziesgirl — 2007-10-21 12:15:54Z

William Ward WOOSTER was b. 1800 in NY and married (it appears) Marion MILROY b. 1803 NY, daughter of Anthony MILROY and Janet BEATTY MILROY. William and Marion are in the 1850 Livingston Co., NY census along with their son William B. WOOSTER 21, Anthony M. 15, and Ann BEATTY 84 b. Scotland. William Ward WOOSTER and Marion M. WOOSTER are buried at Olivet Cemetery in Covington, NY. I am a MILROY descendant seeking any information about these families.

Re: Dr. J.D. Wooster of Wales Center, NY

APike1016 — 2007-08-20 02:52:17Z

I am the great-granddaughter of Jasper D. Wooster. My grandmother is Anna Wooster Haynes and my mother is her daughter Joyce Ellen Haynes Pike, who married Alan Walter Pike in 1956 and had 3 children, Charles Alan Pike, Anne Michelle Pike Imperial(me) and Abby Jeanne Pike Corey. My mother's elder sister was Jeanne Emerson Haynes, who died in 1974. Jeanne was born in Japan during the late 1910's while my grandparents were missionaries there. Her first husband was Robert Thomas and she had 3 children, Wendy (Gwendolyn) Thomas Reeve, Nancy Thomas Cole, and Robert Thomas Jr. Her second husband, whom she married after her children were grown, was a southern gentleman, Thaddeus Williams.

My mother recalls spending time with her Aunt Helen Wooster Schang and her Uncle John Schang on their upstate NY farm during the Depression. She was especially close to her cousin Don Schang, who was born in Cebu, Philippines in the 1910s while my uncle was teaching there. Don traveled a lot during his career - I remember he and his wife Sue spent some time in Venezuela (Sue gave me a cookie recipe from there)-- and we visited often after he and Sue retired (their family was in Gouveneur and ours near Syracuse). Don died several years ago and Sue Schang passed away just this year.

Jasper Wooster, an affluent doctor, had the first Ford Model T in Wales Center. My grandmother Anna Wooster Haynes's mother, Anna May Hazlett Wooster, died when my grandmother was a teenager (about 17, I think). Jasper Wooster remarried, a much younger woman named Minnie, who was close to my grandmother's age (born 1888). I do not think they had any children.

Anna Wooster was initially a math teacher and later met George Emerson Haynes at Chicago Theological Seminary. They married when George was 25 and Anna, at 30, was an old maid! George was a pastor of a small community church in Elmira, NY when they returned from Japan, but the congregation could not pay him when the Depression started. Continuing on his spiritual question, he became a convinced member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). George wrote some spiritually oriented articles, mostly during the 1970's, a couple of which can be found by Googling his name. I have others that I am transcribing. He also wrote a small book about Edward Hicks, the Quaker primitive painter who painted the Peaceable Kingdom paintings, and an autobiography entitled "From Sod House to Brick House." Ultimately, Anna and George moved to Bucks County, PA and lived there until their deaths (George at age 87 and Anna at 95). Anna was very interested in nutrition, and pioneered in "health food" (I was the only child with fresh ground peanut butter on wheat bread when I attended day camp on a summer visit with them). Anna was fascinated by the link between physical and spiritual health.

Her husband George was born in the Nebraska Territory as an Emerson. His mother died in childbirth when he was still small and his father, a homesteader, also had several older children and could not care for them all. George was adopted by the Hayneses who were returning East. He grew up in Massachusetts and graduated from Williams College. He became reacquainted with his older Emerson siblings after he became an adult.

My mother, Joyce Ellen Haynes Pike, had a twin sister Janice Eleanor, who died shortly after birth from a congenital heart defect (5/1929). They were born in Canandaigua, New York, very close to where my sister Abby lives now. My father Alan Pike, worked as an administrator in the NY state Department of Mental Health until his retirement, when he became active in various peace and social justice issues. He passed away three years ago. Joyce is an accomplished artist (BFA from Syracuse University) and still enjoys watercoloring with the Lock 24 artists in Baldwinsville. They show their paintings occasionally in various locations in the Syracuse area.

Let me know if you have any specific questions - if I can't answer them, maybe my mother can!

Anne M. Pike-Imperial

Re: Wooster's in/from Australia

saltpond22 — 2008-07-31 23:30:34Z

I have Wooster (Woster) ancestors that sailed to Australia from the west coast of US (probably Washington state) in the mid 1800's. They originally came from England, settled on the coast of Maine, migrated west, and the on to Australia. I have lots of names and dates if anyone is interested.

Re: Wooster Australia

Celticspirit78 — 2008-11-16 11:11:17Z

Hi! Thank you very much for this information. It certainly sounds like this could be the same line. Especially considering William George Wooster's son was named Francis and his son, (my father) is named Donald Edward. Do you have any more information available on this Wooster branch? If so I would be very grateful! - Lee-Ann

Re: Wooster Line in Australia.

Celticspirit78 — 2008-11-25 11:23:50Z

Hello Chris,
Thankyou very much for the information. Your husband's line and mine are definately intertwined. I have actually been to a Wooster grave in New Zealand,though I'll have to ask my father whose it was, as I was only 18 months old at the time and can't remember it too well! If you would like some further information on Francis James Wooster's line (descendents)just email me at celticspirit78@hotmail.com.
Thankyou very much for your help! :)
Sincere Regards
Lee-Ann Wooster

Wooster Australia

Celticspirit78 — 2008-02-23 17:41:49Z

I am the great grand-daughter of William George born in c.1888 in Gympie QLD. He moved to N.Z and married Edith Rowe. After his first wife died he and his son moved back to Australia. I believe he died somewhere in NSW. I am after information about his parents and grandparents etc. Anything would be greatly appreciated!

Re: Wooster's in/from Australia

Celticspirit78 — 2008-02-23 17:32:41Z

Hi there,
I think we are related, and you have just given me the next link! My name is Lee-Ann Wooster and I am the daughter of Donald Edward Wooster son of Francis James Wooster (born in Greymouth, New Zealand in 1914) who was the son of Edith Rowe (born in Brunner, N.Z) and William George Wooster born in 1888 (approx) in Gympie, Queensland. He died in Australia. Could he be a son of your William??
Any information would be great!

Re: Wooster Line in Australia.

Celticspirit78 — 2008-02-23 16:54:13Z

Hi Tanya.
My grandfather was Francis James Wooster (married to Daphne May Ellem) and he was born in 1914 in Greymouth New Zealand. His father was William George Wooster, a blacksmith, born in Gympie Queensland in c.1888. He was married twice, his first wifes name was Edith Rowe, from Brunner N.Z. Unfortunatly I can't find any record of his parents, so it may be possible he is a decendent of the Wooster's you are looking for.

William J. Wooster and Leah Burch (1875?)

bdenno1 — 2008-02-26 19:22:28Z

Looking for information about William J. Wooster who married Leah Burch. She was the daughter of Charles Augustus Burch and Ellen J. Nutting who lived in Rensseaer Co. She was born about 1875 and lived in Schenectady in 1925. Still, I can't find either of these individuals in the censuses. Thank you for any help that anyone can give.

Richard Timothy McDonnell B 05/1887-12/1964? WashDC, m. Maude Wooster 1923/Ferris

cyncon924 — 2008-05-06 23:02:55Z

I have personal letters from RTMcD to my GFather which I would happily GIVE to the McDonnell/Wooster/Ferris relation who can tell me WHERE this couple got married (or can offer other data regarding some relationship to them).

I have a newspaper article w/a photo of RTM, their marriage announcement, and many letters from 1917 through 1943. Maude was the niece of Joel E. Ferris (Ferris & Hardgrove) of Spokane, WA. Please help these treasures find a true home! Thank you!

Re: William J. Wooster and Leah Burch (1875?)

jimbiles1947 — 2008-11-10 19:42:18Z

My mother's maiden name was Wooster and my research into her ancestors has come up with many different spellings of Wooster. I was able to find Leah Burch on the 1880 census in Pittstown, Rensselaer Co., NY. I was also able to find her and William on the 1920 census in Rotterdam, Schenectedy Co., NY along with Leah's mother. His last name was spelled Worchester. On the 1930 census from the same city and the same three people, the name is spelled Worcestr. I was not able to find anything in 1900 or 1910. Hope this helps.

Re: Edward WOOSTER Family Association Reunion

roger_wooster — 2008-05-28 15:19:58Z

I TOO AM A WOOSTER FROM LONDON ENGLAND.WE MIGHT BE RELATED AS MY GREAT GREAT GRANDFATHER CAME FROM BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.

Re: Wooster's in/from Australia

kalangkid — 2008-08-01 10:46:58Z

Please contact me direct I should have or have access/contacts for the data you require

wooster@bigpond.net.au

Cheers

Ray Wooster
Woolgoolga
NSW
Australia

Re: Dr. J.D. Wooster of Wales Center, NY

EndlessRiver — 2008-03-20 22:58:55Z

How exciting it is to have found you!!! My grandmother, Helen Schang is your grandma Anna's sister!!!

I last saw your mom when she and Alan were down visiting my mom in Florida.

Please write to me - Llerrah@comcast.net

Stanton WOOSTER, Lt. USN died a/c accident 4/26/27

woosterk — 2007-09-08 12:52:29Z

Stanton WOOSTER, Lieutenant, US Navy, was killed (together with Commander Colin Davis) when their airplane "The American Legion" crashed April 26, 1927, at Langley Field in VA on what was intended to be their final test flight before leaving for New York City. From New York they intended to fly non-stop to Paris and to win the Orteig prize. Had they succeeded in their endeavor you would probably never have heard of Charles A. Lindbergh, who succeeded in collecting the $25,000 prize twenty-four days later when he made his May 20-May 21 flight.

Stanton was born circa 1895 in Connecticut, briefly attended Yale, and was graduated from the US Naval Academy in Annapolis in 1917. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

I am trying to identify his father and to determine whether he has any living relatives. His mother was Mary Hall, daughter of Elisha Hall.

For additional information on Stanton see
http://www.arlingtoncemetery.com/swooster.htm

Edward WOOSTER Family Association Reunion

woosterk — 2007-07-19 16:26:57Z

The Edward Wooster Family Association will be holding its annual meeting at a buffet luncheon in Waterbury, Connecticut on Sunday, September 9, 2007.

For additional details contact Kenneth Jennings Wooster at woosterk@cortland.edu

Lafayette B Wooster

JHigginsWenzel — 2006-09-29 16:08:10Z

Looking for info about about Lafayette Wooster b. 8-31-1912 d. 9-1964(location unk. b/d info from SSDI). He was from PA but also lived in NY. He enlisted for WW2 in 1944 from NJ. His father's name was Herbert and he had 3 other siblings in 1920(Carrie, George, & Harry). Any help in finding info on Lafayette would be appreciated.

WOOSTER, Herbert--St. Marys, PA

JHigginsWenzel — 2006-09-14 23:23:10Z

I'm looking for info on the family of Herbert WOOSTER b. abt 1873 and his wife Winie(may be nickname-also seen as Vinnie/Linnie)b. abt 1888. By 1920 cen. have 4 kids, Carrie(b. 4/1910), Lafayette(b. 1913), George(b. 6/1918), Harry(b. 10/1919). Herbert & wife married abt. 1907 and in 1910 are in Benzinger Twp w/ 1st child. All are in St. Marys for the 1920cen and by the 1930 cen. , Herbert is listed as a widower, lodging with a WILHELM woman and her brother, and the kids are no where to be found, using their names. Any info on this family, especially the death dates of Herbert & wife is helpful.

Re: Correction and addition

MaryBirge47 — 2006-09-16 02:39:16Z

Deana,
Drucilla Wooster married Wesley Winfield Sappington b. Feb. 25, 1850. He was the sone of Preston Sappington and Hannah Welch. Drucilla and Wesley had one son Miles Welcome Sappington who married Mary Elizabeth Kellog. I have a little more info on them. I don't know any more about Drucilla, she may have died after Miles was born. My great-grandmother was Melinda Wooster who married Isaac Sylvester Gifford.
Mary Birge

Re: Edward WOOSTER Family Association Reunion

aprilwooster — 2008-02-28 03:33:51Z

I am beginning a family history project for Woosters of Michigan. My grandfather recently passed away and left behind a ton of research he did on the Wooster lineage, which I am now sorting through to figure out the facts. It would appear that we are descendants of an Edward Wooster, one of 3 brothers who came from England during the 1600s. I think Edward is an ancester of General David Wooster, who fought in the Revolutionary War and apparently was the inspiration behind the town of Wooster, Ohio. I have only begun to scratch the surface; I want to verify everything and go back as far as I can. Does all this sound accurate to you? Does your association have a website or some resources?

I appreciate any and all feedback. Thank you!
April S Wooster, granddaughter of Keith Oliver Wooster, grandson of Herbert O. Wooster, Michigan

Re: Brooklyn Woosters

anton88888 — 2008-07-28 21:37:19Z

Hello,

We must be related, at least as distant cousins. Jennie Jacobson's maiden name was Kaplan, and I'm a descendant of one of her sisters (she was one of 9 children). I have a lot of information on the Kaplans, so if you are interested, please get in touch with me, I'd love to exchange info.

Brian

Re: William J. Wooster and Leah Burch (1875?)

asharame — 2008-11-13 06:59:26Z

Thank you, but my people didn't come to US until approximately 1903-1908

Brooklyn Woosters

asharame — 2008-03-02 09:57:20Z

David Wooster, Born in Vilna Poland about 1897
Wife: Rose, Born in Vilna about 1900
Children: Mabel and Elaine, born about 1928 and 1929 in Brooklyn, NY

In the 1930 census they were living at 336 E. 91st St., Brooklyn, NY. and his occupation was cutter of ladies hats.

His mother- and father-in-law lived with them:
Barnett and Jennie Jacobson, born about 1865 and 1875